From Policy to Practice: Examining the Implementation of Protection Mechanisms in Conflict-Induced IDP Camps in Maiduguri, Nigeria

Abstract

From Policy to Practice: Examining the Implementation of Protection Mechanisms in Conflict-Induced IDP Camps in Maiduguri, Nigeria

The protracted Boko Haram insurgency in Northeast Nigeria has generated one of the largest displacement crises in Africa, with Maiduguri, Borno State, hosting the majority of conflict-induced Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). In response, both international and national actors have developed protection policies and frameworks to safeguard the rights and dignity of displaced populations. However, translating these frameworks into effective practice within IDP camps remains a pressing challenge. This paper examines the gap between policy prescriptions and practical realities in the implementation of protection mechanisms in Maiduguri’s IDP camps. Drawing on secondary data, policy documents, reports from humanitarian agencies, and scholarly literature, the study applies a rights-based and human security framework to analyze issues such as physical security, gender-based violence prevention, access to justice, and child protection. The findings reveal persistent challenges, including weak coordination among stakeholders, resource constraints, cultural barriers, and gaps in

accountability mechanisms. While some progress has been recorded such as the establishment of protection desks, psychosocial support services, and community policing initiatives significant disparities remain between policy intent and outcomes on the ground. The paper argues that effective implementation requires strengthening institutional capacity, enhancing community participation, and integrating local realities into protection strategies. Recommendations emphasize multi-level collaboration, stronger monitoring frameworks, and the adoption of sustainable, context-sensitive approaches. By bridging the policy practice divide, Nigerian authorities and humanitarian partners can enhance protection outcomes and ensure that IDPs in Maiduguri live with dignity and security.